Malnutrition is a global public health issue that affects people of all ages, but especially children, pregnant women, and the elderly. It occurs when a person’s diet does not provide the right balance of nutrients—either due to undernutrition or overnutrition. Contrary to popular belief, malnutrition isn’t only about hunger or being underweight; it also includes hidden hunger (micronutrient deficiencies) and obesity caused by poor diet quality. Addressing malnutrition is essential not just for individual health but for the well-being and economic development of entire communities.
What is Malnutrition?
Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and/or nutrients. It encompasses two broad groups of conditions. The first is undernutrition, which includes wasting (low weight for height), stunting (low height for age), and underweight (low weight for age). The second is overnutrition, which includes overweight and obesity, as well as diet-related non-communicable diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and some cancers.
Malnutrition can affect anyone, but it is most prevalent in low- and middle-income countries where access to nutritious food, clean water, and healthcare may be limited. In high-income nations, malnutrition can still occur due to poverty, aging, chronic illnesses, or poor dietary habits
Causes of Malnutrition
Malnutrition is often the result of a combination of several complex factors. One of the most common causes is a lack of access to sufficient and nutritious food. Economic instability, conflict, and climate change can disrupt food systems and reduce the availability of healthy food. In some regions, cultural practices and lack of education contribute to poor dietary choices or harmful feeding practices, especially for infants and young children.
Medical conditions also play a significant role. Chronic diseases such as cancer, HIV/AIDS, and gastrointestinal disorders can impair the body’s ability to absorb nutrients. Additionally, mental health issues, such as depression or eating disorders, can also lead to poor nutritional status.
Health Effects of Malnutrition
The consequences of malnutrition are far-reaching and severe. In children, malnutrition can lead to stunted growth, developmental delays, and a weakened immune system, increasing the risk of infections and disease. Malnourished children are also more likely to struggle academically and have reduced economic potential later in life.
In adults, malnutrition can cause fatigue, muscle wasting, decreased cognitive function, and increased vulnerability to illness. In pregnant women, it can lead to complications during childbirth and negatively affect the health of the newborn. Overnutrition, on the other hand, contributes to obesity and increases the risk of chronic diseases like hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease.
At Girija Surgical, we play a crucial role by supplying hospitals, clinics, and caregivers with the medical tools needed to monitor, treat, and support malnourished patients effectively. From diagnostic equipment to nutritional feeding tubes and sterile surgical supplies, we enable healthcare providers to deliver the best care possible.
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