The probability of encountering specific health complications is heightened by being overweight or obese, and there may be a correlation with particular emotional and social challenges.
What are some health risks of overweight and obesity?
Types 2 Diabetes:
Type 2 diabetes is a condition in which the level of glucose, also referred to as blood sugar, in your blood is excessively elevated. Roughly 8 out of 10 individuals with type 2 diabetes are either overweight or obese. High blood glucose levels can eventually lead to complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, vision impairments, nerve damage, and various other health issues. If you are susceptible to type 2 diabetes, reducing your body weight by 5 to 7 percent and engaging in consistent physical exercise could potentially forestall or defer the onset of type 2 diabetes.
High blood pressure
Elevated blood pressure, or hypertension, occurs when blood moves through your blood vessels at a pressure higher than average. This can put excessive pressure on your heart, cause harm to blood vessels, and increase the likelihood of heart attacks, strokes, kidney disease, and mortality.
Heart disease
Heart disease refers to a collection of issues that may impact your heart. These issues may include heart attack, heart failure, sudden cardiac death, angina, or an abnormal heart rhythm. A high blood pressure, atypical blood lipid levels, and elevated blood glucose levels may amplify your chances of developing heart disease. Blood lipids, also known as blood fats, involve HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides.
Lowering your risk factors for heart disease can potentially be achieved by losing 5 to 10 percent of your body weight. In other words, if you weigh 200 pounds, shedding as little as 10 pounds can be beneficial. A weight reduction may lead to better blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood circulation.
Stroke
A stroke is a sudden occurrence in which the blood flow to your brain is interrupted due to a blockage or the rupture of a blood vessel in your neck or brain. As a result, brain tissue can become damaged, and you may lose the ability to move certain body parts or speak. High blood pressure is the primary cause of strokes.
Sleep apnea
Sleep apnea is a prevalent condition that occurs when your breathing is irregular during sleep, and you may experience brief periods of not breathing at all. If left untreated, sleep apnea can potentially amplify your chances of encountering other health problems, such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is a collection of conditions that can elevate your risk of developing heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. These conditions encompass high blood pressure, high blood glucose levels, high triglyceride levels in your bloodstream, low levels of HDL cholesterol (the “good” cholesterol) in your bloodstream, and an excessive amount of fat surrounding your waist.
Fatty liver diseases
Fatty liver diseases are characterized by an accumulation of fat in the liver, which includes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). These conditions may potentially result in severe liver damage, cirrhosis, or even liver failure.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a prevalent, chronic health condition that can cause joint pain, swelling, and limited mobility. The risk of developing osteoarthritis can increase with being overweight or having obesity, as it puts additional pressure on your joints and cartilage.
Gallbladder diseases
Being overweight or having obesity can potentially amplify your risk of developing gallbladder diseases, including gallstones and cholecystitis. Gallstones may form due to imbalances in the substances that make up bile, where an excessive amount of cholesterol in bile can result in the formation of gallstones.
Kidney disease
Kidney disease refers to the impaired ability of your kidneys to filter blood effectively. Obesity can increase the likelihood of developing diabetes and high blood pressure, which are the leading causes of kidney disease. Moreover, even in the absence of diabetes or high blood pressure, obesity can promote kidney disease and accelerate its progression.
Pregnancy problems
Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of health issues during pregnancy. Pregnant women with obesity or overweight may have a higher probability of developing gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, a condition characterized by high blood pressure during pregnancy that can pose severe health risks for both the mother and the baby if left untreated.
What emotional and social problems may be associated with overweight and obesity?
Overweight and obesity are connected to psychological issues like depression. Individuals who are overweight or obese may also encounter weight prejudice and discrimination from others, including healthcare providers. This can cause them to feel excluded, humiliated, or guilty, which can exacerbate mental health issues.
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