Skin infections can stem from various types of microorganisms and exhibit a range of symptoms, from mild to severe. These microorganisms can be bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. As your body’s largest organ, your skin serves as a barrier against infections. Nevertheless, your skin can also fall prey to infections. Simple skin infections may be curable with non-prescription treatments and home remedies, while others necessitate professional medical care. Keep reading to gain further insight into skin infections and how to manage them if they occur.
Four different types of skin infections:
1. Bacterial skin infections
Bacterial skin infections come in various forms, often starting as tiny, reddish bumps that gradually enlarge. While some bacterial infections can be minor and respond well to topical antibiotics, others require oral antibiotics. Examples of bacterial skin infections include:
- Cellulitis
- Impetigo
- Boils
- Hansen’s disease (leprosy)
2. Viral skin infections
Viral skin infections result from a viral agent and can range in severity. Examples of viral infections include:
- Shingles (herpes zoster)
- Chickenpox
- Molluscum contagiosum
- Warts
- Measles
- Hand, foot, and mouth disease.
3. Fungal skin infections
Fungal skin infections are the result of fungal organisms and commonly arise in moist regions of the body, such as the armpit or feet. Although certain fungal infections aren’t transmissible and pose no life-threatening risk, they may be uncomfortable and persistent.
Some examples of fungal infections include:
- Athlete’s foot
- Yeast infection
- Ringworm
- Nail fungus
- Oral thrush
- Diaper rash.
4. Parasitic skin infection
Parasitic skin infections are the result of parasitic organisms and can expand beyond the skin to the bloodstream and organs. While not lethal, these infections can induce discomfort.
Examples of parasitic skin infections include:
- Lice
- Bedbugs
- Scabies
- Cutaneous larva migrans.
Symptoms
The symptoms of skin infections differ based on the type of infection. General symptoms encompass skin redness and rash, as well as itching, pain, and soreness.
If you develop a skin infection with pus-filled blisters, or if an existing infection fails to heal or worsens, seek medical attention. Skin infections have the potential to spread beyond the skin and enter the bloodstream, leading to life-threatening consequences.
Symptoms of a severe skin infection include:
- Pus
- Blisters
- Skin breakdown or sloughing
- Dark or necrotic-looking skin, or skin that becomes discolored and painful.
Causes
The underlying cause of a skin infection depends on the type of infection.
Bacterial skin infection: It happens when bacteria infiltrate the body through a breach in the skin, such as a scrape or cut. Infection risk increases if you have a weakened immune system, which can occur due to illness or medication side effects.
Viral skin infection: The majority of viruses originate from three groups of viruses: poxvirus, human papillomavirus, and herpes virus.
Fungal infection: Lifestyle habits and body chemistry can elevate the likelihood of a fungal infection. For instance, runners or those who perspire excessively may experience recurrent bouts of athlete’s foot. Fungi thrive in damp, warm environments, and wearing damp or sweaty clothes can increase the risk of skin infections. Additionally, a skin cut or wound can permit bacteria to enter deeper skin layers.
Parasitic skin infection: Parasitic skin infections result from tiny insects or organisms that infiltrate the skin and deposit eggs.
How is a skin infection treated?
The treatment for an infection depends on its severity and underlying cause. Some viral skin infections may resolve on their own in a matter of days or weeks. When it comes to bacterial infections, they are commonly treated with topical or oral antibiotics. However, if the bacteria are resistant, more intensive treatment may be required, such as intravenous antibiotics administered in a hospital setting. If you have a fungal skin infection, you can try using antifungal sprays or creams that are available over-the-counter. If this doesn’t work, prescription oral or topical creams may be recommended by your doctor. For parasitic skin infections, medicated creams can be applied, and your doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs to help alleviate discomfort.
Home care and alternative treatments
Home remedies and alternative treatments can help manage symptoms of a skin infection, and may include:
Using cold compresses on the affected area multiple times a day to alleviate inflammation and itching. Taking antihistamines that are available over-the-counter to reduce the feeling of itchiness. Applying topical creams and ointments to the skin to help alleviate discomfort and itching.
